Colloidal crystallization between two and three dimensions

Hartmut Löwen

Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Düsseldorf, Germany

Strongly interacting colloidal particles freeze into a periodic crystalline lattice. When confined to a fluid-gas interface or between two parallel glass plates, the freezing occurs into mono- or bilayered crystalline sheets. In this paper we summarize recent progress achieved in the understanding of freezing of colloidal suspensions under strong confinement focussing on superparamagnetic particle which crystallize in a strong external magnetic field and on charged suspensions confined between two highly charged parallel plates. Special emphasis is put on binary mixtures of strictly two-dimensional systems and on one-component systems which experiences the third dimensions and self-organize in buckled and layered solid structures.

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