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We review recent research leading to formation and dynamics in nanoplasmas. The universal character of nanoplasmas and their characteristic parameters is demonstrated with illustrations from ultrafast and ultracold research, where nanoplasmas on very different spatial and temporal scales are generated in clusters or nanoparticles and ultracold atomic clouds, respectively. After characterizing resonance conditions and mechanisms of absorbing and disseminating energy from the environment, we will investigate which consequences the transient nature of these nanoplasmas has for their dynamics and its observation. Finally, we will discuss dynamical phenomena within the nanoplasmas, such as the generation of ion acoustic waves in ultracold plasmas or internal plasma wave reflection in clusters beyond dynamics in the dipole approximation.

U Saalmann & J-M Rost

(2018)

Single-photon ionization in intense, stochastically fluctuating pulses

S Kumar Giri, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

J. Mod. Opt. 64, 1004 (2017)

Essential conditions for dynamic interference

M Baghery, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 143202 (2017)

Born in weak fields: Below-threshold photo-electron dynamics

J B Williams, U Saalmann, F Trinter, M Weller, M S Schöffler, P Burzynski, C Goihl, K Henrichs, C Janke, B Griffin, G Kastirke, J Neff, M Pitzer, M Waitz, Y Yang, S Zeller, T Jahnke & R Dörner

J. Phys. B 50 034002 (2017)

Tunneling ionization time-resolved by backpropagation

H Ni, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 023002 (2016)

Full counting statistics of a non-adiabatic electron pump

A Croy & U Saalmann

Phys. Rev. B 93, 165428 (2016)

Dynamical characteristics of Rydberg electrons released by a weak electric field

E Diesen, U Saalmann, M Richter, M Kunitski, R Dörner & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 143006 (2016)

Universal pulse dependence of the low-energy structure in strong-field ionization

K Zhang, Y-H Lai, E Diesen, B E Schmidt, C I Blaga, J Xu, T T Gorman, F Légaré, U Saalmann, P Agostini, J-M Rost & L F Di Mauro

Phys. Rev. A 93, 021403(R) (2016)

Enhancing scattering images for orientation recovery with diffusion maps

M Winter, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Opt. Express 24, 3672 (2016)

Slow electrons from clusters in strong Xray pulses

A Camacho Garibay, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

J. Phys. B 48 174003 (2015)

The envelope Hamiltonian for electron interaction with ultra-short pulses

K Toyota, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

New J. Phys. 17, 073005 (2015)

Prevailing features of Xray-induced molecular electron spectra revealed with fullerenes

A Camacho Garibay, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 083001 (2014)

Virtual single-photon transition interrupted: Time-gated optical gain and loss

J Herrmann, M Weger, R Locher, M Sabbar, P Rivière,
U Saalmann, J-M Rost, L Gallmann & U Keller

Phys. Rev. A 88, 043843 (2013)

Proton ejection from molecular hydride clusters exposed to strong X-ray pulses

P Di Cintio, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 123401 (2013)

Multiple ionization of neon by soft X-rays at ultrahigh intensity

R Guichard, M Richter, J-M Rost, U Saalmann, A A Sorokin & K Tiedtke

J. Phys. B 46, 164025 (2013)

Spatial correlations in finite samples revealed by Coulomb explosion

U Saalmann, A Mikaberidze & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 133401 (2013)

Slow and fast multi-photon ionization of clusters in strong XUV and X-ray pulses

Ch Gnodtke, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Chem. Phys. 414, 65 (2013)

Non-adiabatic rectification and current reversal in electron pumps

A Croy & U Saalmann

Phys. Rev. B 86, 035330 (2012)

Auger decay in the field of a positive charge

V Averbukh, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. A 85, 063405 (2012)

Massively parallel ionization of extended atomic systems

Ch Gnodtke, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 175003 (2012)

Energy bunching in soft recollisions revealed with long-wavelength few-cycle pulses

A Kästner, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

J. Phys. B 45, 074011 (2012)

Electron-energy bunching in laser-driven soft recollisions

A Kästner, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 033201 (2012)

Non-adiabatic electron pumping through interacting quantum dots

A Croy, U Saalmann, A R Hernández & C H Lewenkopf

Phys. Rev. B 85, 035309 (2012)

Coulomb explosion of uniformly charged spheroids

M Grech, R Nuter, A Mikaberidze, P Di Cintio, L Gremillet, E Lefebvre,
U Saalmann, J-M Rost & S Skupin

Phys. Rev. E 84, 056404 (2011)

Dopant induced ignition of helium nano-droplets in intense few-cycle laser pulses

S R Krishnan, L Fechner, M Kremer, V Sharma, B Fischer, N Camus, J Jha, M Krishnamurthy, T Pfeifer, R Moshammer, J Ullrich, F Stienkemeier, M Mudrich, A Mikaberidze, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 173402 (2011)

Monitoring atomic cluster expansion by high-harmonic generation

V Strelkov, U Saalmann, A Becker & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 113901 (2011)

Coherent manipulation of charge qubits in double quantum dots

A Croy & U Saalmann

New J. Phys. 13, 043015 (2011)

Propagation of time-nonlocal quantum master equations
for time-dependent electron transport

A Croy & U Saalmann

arxiv.1103.0185 (2011)

Dynamics of photo-activated Coulomb complexes

Ch Gnodtke, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

New J. Phys. 13, 013028 (2011)

Cluster nano-plasmas in strong FLASH pulses: Formation, excitation and relaxation

U Saalmann

J. Phys. B 43, 194012 (2010)

Fast electrons from multi-electron dynamics in xenon clusters
induced by inner-shell ionization

Ch Bostedt, H Thomas, M Hoener, T Möller,
U Saalmann, I Georgescu, Ch Gnodtke & J-M Rost

New J. Phys. 12, 083004 (2010)

Suppression of exponential electronic decay in a charged environment

V Averbukh, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 233002 (2010)

Energy-resolved STM maps of finite carbon nanotubes
and the role of surface-tube interactions

M De Menech, U Saalmann & M E Garcia

phys. stat. sol. (b) 247, 1095 (2010)

Propagation scheme for non-equilibrium dynamics
of electron transport in nano-scale devices

A Croy and U Saalmann

Phys. Rev. B 80, 245311 (2009)

A partial fraction decomposition of the Fermi function

A Croy and U Saalmann

Phys. Rev. B 80, 073102 (2009)

Unerwartet aufgeladen

U Saalmann and J-M Rost

Physik-Journal Juni (2009)

Strong field dynamics with ultra-short electron wavepacket replicas

P Rivière, O Uhden, U Saalmann and J-M Rost

New J. Phys. 11, 053011 (2009)

Ionization and charge migration through strong internal fields
in clusters exposed to intense X-ray pulses

Ch Gnodtke, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. A 79, 041201 (R) (2009)

Laser-driven nano-plasmas in doped helium-droplets:
Local ignition and anisotropic expansion

A Mikaberidze, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 128102 (2009)

Electron emission from laser-irradiated atomic clusters

U Saalmann

Las. Phys. 19, 202 (2009)

Energy absorption of xenon clusters in helium nano-droplets under strong laser pulses

A Mikaberidze, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. A 77, (R) 041201 (2008)

Rescattering for extended atomic systems

U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 133006 (2008)

Quantum electronic transport through supported Si₂₉H₂₄ clusters on an ideal Si[111] surface

S E Baltazar, M De Menech, U Saalmann, A H Romero & M E Garcia

J. Appl. Phys. 103, 023714 (2008)

Tracing non-equilibrium plasma dynamics on the attosecond timescale in small clusters

U Saalmann, I Georgescu & J-M Rost

New J. Phys. 10, 025014 (2008)

Attosecond-resolved charging of ions in a rare-gas cluster

I Georgescu, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 183002 (2007)

Clusters under strong VUV pulses:
A quantum-classical hybrid-description incorporating plasma effects

I Georgescu, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. A 76, 043203 (2007)

Recovering hidden electronic states using energy-resolved imaging of metal clusters at surfaces

M De Menech, U Saalmann & M E Garcia

New J. Phys. 9, 340 (2007)

Theoretical description of rare-gas clusters under intense laser pulses

I Georgescu, U Saalmann, Ch Siedschlag & J-M Rost

Progress in Ultrafast Laser Science (2007)

Tip-induced distortions in STM imaging of carbon nanotubes

H Hövel, M De Menech, M Bödecker, Ch Rettig, U Saalmann & M E Garcia

Eur. J. Phys. D (2007)

Kinetic energy of ions after Coulomb explosion of clusters induced by an intense laser pulse

Md R Islam, U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. A 73, (R) 041201 (2006)

Energy-resolved STM mapping of C₆₀ on metal surfaces

M De Menech, U Saalmann & M E Garcia

Phys. Rev. 73, 155407 (2006)

Topical Review: Mechanisms of cluster ionization in strong laser pulses

U Saalmann, Ch Siedschlag & J-M Rost

J. Phys. B 39, R 39 (2006)

Resonant energy absorption of rare-gas clusters in strong laser pulses

U Saalmann

J. Mod. Opt. 53, 173 (2006)

Calculation of conductance spectra of silver clusters on graphite

M De Menech, U Saalmann & M E Garcia

Appl. Phys. A 82, 113 (2006)

Microscopic dynamics of atomic clusters in strong laser pulses

Md R Islam & U Saalmann

Lecture Series on Computer and Computational Sciences 4, 1142 (2005)

Electron dynamics in strong laser pulse illumination of large rare-gas clusters

U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Eur. Phys. J. D 36, 159 (2005)

Ionization of clusters in intense laser pulses through collective electron dynamics

U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 223401 (2003)

Multiple electron transfer in slow collisions of highly-charged ions and atoms

B Zarour & U Saalmann

Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 205, 610 (2003)

Ionization of clusters in strong X-ray laser pulses

U Saalmann & J-M Rost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 143401 (2002)

Evidence for projectile-induced molecular polarization in very slow collisions of Kr⁸⁺ ions with N₂

M Ehrich, U Werner, H O Lutz, T Kaneyasu, K Ishii, K Okuno & U Saalmann

Phys. Rev. A 65, (R) 030702 (2002)

Observation of a nearly isotropic, high-energy Coulomb explosion group in the fragmentation of D₂ by short laser pulses

A Staudte, C L Cocke, M H Prior, A Belkacem, C Ray, H H W Chong,
T E Glover, R W Schoenlein & U Saalmann

Phys. Rev. A 65, (R) 020703 (2002)

Reaction dynamics of metallic clusters colliding with atoms

U Saalmann

Adv. Quant. Chem. 40, 305 (2001)

Laser- and collision-induced nonadiabatic wave packet dynamics in sodium molecules

F Grossmann, U Saalmann & R Schmidt

Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 9, 785 (2000)

Charge transfer and fragmentation in cluster-atom collisions

O Knospe, J Jellinek, U Saalmann & R Schmidt

Phys. Rev. A 61, 022715 (2000)

Strong temperature dependence of laser-enhanced charge transfer in collisions of sodium clusters with sodium atoms

Z Roller-Lutz, Y Wang, H O Lutz, U Saalmann & R Schmidt

Phys. Rev. A 59, R 2555 (1999)

Charge transfer in cluster-atom collisions

O Knospe, J Jellinek, U Saalmann & R Schmidt

Eur. Phys. J. D 5, 1 (1999)

Excitation and relaxation in atom-cluster collisions

U Saalmann & R Schmidt

Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3213 (1998)

Detailed experimental and theoretical study of collision-induced dissociation of Na₂⁺ ions colliding on He and H₂ targets at keV collision energies

J A Fayeton, M Barat, J C Brenot, H Dunet, Y Picard, U Saalmann & R Schmidt

Phys. Rev. A 57, 1058 (1998)

Adiabatic and non-adiabatic cluster collisions

R Schmidt, O Knospe & U Saalmann

Il Nuov. Cim. 110 A 1201 (1997)

Non-adiabatic quantum molecular dynamics: Basic formalism and case study

U Saalmann & R Schmidt

Z. Phys. D. 38, 153 (1996)

Density-functional calculations of structures and ionization energies for heavy group V cluster anions

R Kaschner, U Saalmann, G Seifert & M Gausa

Int. J. Quant. Chem. 56, 771 (1995)

The magnetic phase-diagram of the Emery model within the Hartree-Fock approximation

U Saalmann & R Hayn

phys. stat. sol. 168, 605 (1991)